贵州民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

进入新世纪以来，我国农村老龄化形势正变得愈发严峻，发展和推广农村互助养老成为破解农村养老服务供需困境、优化和完善农村养老服务体系的积极思路和有效路径。总的来说，我国农村互助养老大致经历了中华人民共和国成立以前的以宗亲互助养老为主的历史性传承、中华人民共和国成立至改革开放前的以集体互助养老为主导性形态，以及改革开放以来的逐步规范化与制度化的演进历程。我国农村互助养老拥有乡村传统与社会结构的深度积淀、基层组织与社会组织的有效参与、多元主体的有机协同及养老观念的日渐转变等现实基础，但在现实运行中仍面临政策碎片化与监管机制乏力、服务人员匮乏与服务内容有限、认知偏差与动力不足、资金来源不稳定与运营机制不完善等现实困境。必须在完善政策体系与强化政府支持、优化服务供给与提升服务质量、激发参与热情与促进多元参与，以及探索创新模式与实现可持续发展等方面协同共进，以期实现我国农村互助养老的可持续与高质量发展，实现“加快补齐农村养老服务短板”的战略目标。

Since the turn of the new century population aging in rural China has grown increasingly severe.Developing and popularizing rural mutual-aided elderly care has become a positive approach and effective solution to bridge the supply-demand gap of rural elderly care services and improve the rural elderly care service system as a whole.Broadly speaking,rural mutual-aided elderly care in China has evolved through three phases:pre-1949(before the founding of the People ' s Republic of China),when consanguinity clan mutual support formed the core tradition;from the founding of the People' s Republic of China to the refom and the opening-up period(the 1980 s),with collective mutual care as the dominant model;and post-reform and opening-up,marked by progressive standardization and institutionalization.This model is grounded in solid practical foundations,including deeply rooted rural traditions and social structures,effective engagement of grassroots and social organizations,coordinated collaboration among multiple stakeholders,and a gradual shift in pub lic perceptions of eldercare.Nevertheless,its operation is plagued by prominent dilemmas:fragmented policies paired with weak supervision mechanisms,shortages of service staff and limited service categories,biased public understanding and insufficient participation incentives,unstable funding streams,and flawed operational systems.To achieve the sustainable,high-quality development of rural mutual-aided elderly care and fulfill the strategic goal of rapidly addressing weaknesses in rural elderly care,coordinated efforts are required across four dimensions:refining policy frameworks and strengthening government backing,optimizing service provision and quality,boosting public enthusiasm for multi-stakeholder participation,and innovating operational models for long-term viability.